States Of Matter

Definition of Matter:

• Matter is that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
• Matter is everything around you for example air and water.
• atoms and molecules are composed of matter

States of matter (Phases of matter):

A state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. 
States of matter are observable in everyday life. There are 3 main states of matter:

• solid
• liquid
• gas

Each state of matter has different properties because of the arrangement of particles. 

SOLIDS:

• Shape is rigid or hard. Solids retain or keep's their shape. Solids don't change shape. 
• Particles vibrate but don't move past each other. Solids dont move around.
• Cannot be compressed.
• The volume if fixed. So this means solids are in an aligned array.
• Particles in a solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
• Solids can break.
• Examples are Ruler, pen and table; cookie, fish, pencil, ice cube, salt, sand

LIQUIDS:

• Liquid's takes the shape of container 
• Particles vibrate and flow and can easily move past one another. The particles of liquids are further apart than the particles of solids; so they can move easily.
• can be slightly compressed 
• Volume is fixed 
• particles in a liquid are close together with no regular pattern. The particles hold on to one another. 
• Examples water, cold drink, milk, shampoo, oil, maple syrup, gasoline and paint.

GAS:

• Gas takes the shape of the container and Takes the VOLUME of the container.
• particles vibrate flow and float and move freely at high speed
• can be fully compressed
• Volume is not fixed
• particles in a gas are well separated with no regular pattern
• Examples are oxygen,  water vapor, helium, carbon dioxide 

all elements and compounds can move from one phase to another when very specific physical conditions are present: Temperature and Pressure.

1.  Temperature: If the temperature goes up, the matter becomes more excited and active, and goes to a higher energy state; for example water (liquid) to steam (gas). If the temperature goes down, Matter becomes less excited and active and goes to a lower energy state. A reduction in energy turns water into ice.
2. Pressure:

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CHEMISTRY TERM	PHASE CHANGE
Fusion/Melting Freezing Vaporization/Boiling Condensation Sublimation Deposition	Solid to Liquid Liquid to Solid Liquid to Gas Gas to Liquid Solid to Gas Gas to Solid